Python/C API Reference Manual
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This manual documents the API used by C and C++ programmers who want
to write extension modules or embed Python.  It is a companion to
Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter, which describes the
general principles of extension writing but does not document the API
functions in detail.

* Introduction

  * Coding standards

  * Include Files

  * Useful macros

  * Objects, Types and Reference Counts

  * Exceptions

  * Embedding Python

  * Debugging Builds

* Stable Application Binary Interface

* The Very High Level Layer

* Reference Counting

* Exception Handling

  * Printing and clearing

  * Raising exceptions

  * Issuing warnings

  * Querying the error indicator

  * Signal Handling

  * Exception Classes

  * Exception Objects

  * Unicode Exception Objects

  * Recursion Control

  * Standard Exceptions

  * Standard Warning Categories

* Utilities

  * Operating System Utilities

  * System Functions

  * Process Control

  * Importing Modules

  * Data marshalling support

  * Parsing arguments and building values

  * String conversion and formatting

  * Reflection

  * Codec registry and support functions

* Abstract Objects Layer

  * Object Protocol

  * Number Protocol

  * Sequence Protocol

  * Mapping Protocol

  * Iterator Protocol

  * Buffer Protocol

  * Old Buffer Protocol

* Concrete Objects Layer

  * Fundamental Objects

  * Numeric Objects

  * Sequence Objects

  * Container Objects

  * Function Objects

  * Other Objects

* Initialization, Finalization, and Threads

  * Before Python Initialization

  * Global configuration variables

  * Initializing and finalizing the interpreter

  * Process-wide parameters

  * Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock

  * Sub-interpreter support

  * Asynchronous Notifications

  * Profiling and Tracing

  * Advanced Debugger Support

  * Thread Local Storage Support

* Python Initialization Configuration

  * PyWideStringList

  * PyStatus

  * PyPreConfig

  * Preinitialization with PyPreConfig

  * PyConfig

  * Initialization with PyConfig

  * Isolated Configuration

  * Python Configuration

  * Path Configuration

  * Py_RunMain()

  * Multi-Phase Initialization Private Provisional API

* Memory Management

  * Overview

  * Raw Memory Interface

  * Memory Interface

  * Object allocators

  * Default Memory Allocators

  * Customize Memory Allocators

  * The pymalloc allocator

  * tracemalloc C API

  * Examples

* Object Implementation Support

  * Allocating Objects on the Heap

  * Common Object Structures

  * Type Objects

  * Number Object Structures

  * Mapping Object Structures

  * Sequence Object Structures

  * Buffer Object Structures

  * Async Object Structures

  * Slot Type typedefs

  * Examples

  * Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection

* API and ABI Versioning
