
The Python Language Reference
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This reference manual describes the syntax and "core semantics" of the
language. It is terse, but attempts to be exact and complete. The
semantics of non-essential built-in object types and of the built-in
functions and modules are described in *The Python Standard Library*.
For an informal introduction to the language, see *The Python
Tutorial*. For C or C++ programmers, two additional manuals exist:
*Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter* describes the high-
level picture of how to write a Python extension module, and the
*Python/C API Reference Manual* describes the interfaces available to
C/C++ programmers in detail.

* Introduction

  * Alternate Implementations

  * Notation

* Lexical analysis

  * Line structure

  * Other tokens

  * Identifiers and keywords

  * Literals

  * Operators

  * Delimiters

* Data model

  * Objects, values and types

  * The standard type hierarchy

  * Special method names

* Execution model

  * Naming and binding

  * Exceptions

* The import system

  * "importlib"

  * Packages

  * Searching

  * Loading

  * The Path Based Finder

  * Replacing the standard import system

  * Special considerations for __main__

  * Open issues

  * References

* Expressions

  * Arithmetic conversions

  * Atoms

  * Primaries

  * The power operator

  * Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations

  * Binary arithmetic operations

  * Shifting operations

  * Binary bitwise operations

  * Comparisons

  * Boolean operations

  * Conditional expressions

  * Lambdas

  * Expression lists

  * Evaluation order

  * Operator precedence

* Simple statements

  * Expression statements

  * Assignment statements

  * The "assert" statement

  * The "pass" statement

  * The "del" statement

  * The "return" statement

  * The "yield" statement

  * The "raise" statement

  * The "break" statement

  * The "continue" statement

  * The "import" statement

  * The "global" statement

  * The "nonlocal" statement

* Compound statements

  * The "if" statement

  * The "while" statement

  * The "for" statement

  * The "try" statement

  * The "with" statement

  * Function definitions

  * Class definitions

* Top-level components

  * Complete Python programs

  * File input

  * Interactive input

  * Expression input

* Full Grammar specification
