
Binary Data Services
********************

The modules described in this chapter provide some basic services
operations for manipulation of binary data. Other operations on binary
data, specifically in relation to file formats and network protocols,
are described in the relevant sections.

Some libraries described under *Text Processing Services* also work
with either ASCII-compatible binary formats (for example, "re") or all
binary data (for example, "difflib").

In addition, see the documentation for Python's built-in binary data
types in *Binary Sequence Types --- bytes, bytearray, memoryview*.

* "struct" --- Interpret bytes as packed binary data

  * Functions and Exceptions

  * Format Strings

    * Byte Order, Size, and Alignment

    * Format Characters

    * Examples

  * Classes

* "codecs" --- Codec registry and base classes

  * Codec Base Classes

    * Codec Objects

    * IncrementalEncoder Objects

    * IncrementalDecoder Objects

    * StreamWriter Objects

    * StreamReader Objects

    * StreamReaderWriter Objects

    * StreamRecoder Objects

  * Encodings and Unicode

  * Standard Encodings

  * Python Specific Encodings

  * "encodings.idna" --- Internationalized Domain Names in
    Applications

  * "encodings.mbcs" --- Windows ANSI codepage

  * "encodings.utf_8_sig" --- UTF-8 codec with BOM signature
