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# 9. Functional Programming Modules

The modules described in this chapter provide functions and classes that support a functional programming style, and general operations on callables.

The following modules are documented in this chapter:

- 9.1. `itertools` — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
  - 9.1.1. Itertool functions
  - 9.1.2. Itertools Recipes
- 9.2. `functools` — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
  - 9.2.1. `partial` Objects
- 9.3. `operator` — Standard operators as functions
  - 9.3.1. Mapping Operators to Functions
  - 9.3.2. Inplace Operators

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