"plistlib" — Generate and parse Apple ".plist" files
****************************************************

**Source code:** Lib/plistlib.py

======================================================================

This module provides an interface for reading and writing the
“property list” files used by Apple, primarily on macOS and iOS. This
module supports both binary and XML plist files.

The property list (".plist") file format is a simple serialization
supporting basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and
strings.  Usually the top level object is a dictionary.

To write out and to parse a plist file, use the "dump()" and "load()"
functions.

To work with plist data in bytes or string objects, use "dumps()" and
"loads()".

Values can be strings, integers, floats, booleans, tuples, lists,
dictionaries (but only with string keys), "bytes", "bytearray" or
"datetime.datetime" objects.

Changed in version 3.4: New API, old API deprecated.  Support for
binary format plists added.

Changed in version 3.8: Support added for reading and writing "UID"
tokens in binary plists as used by NSKeyedArchiver and
NSKeyedUnarchiver.

Changed in version 3.9: Old API removed.

See also:

  PList manual page
     Apple’s documentation of the file format.

This module defines the following functions:

plistlib.load(fp, *, fmt=None, dict_type=dict, aware_datetime=False)

   Read a plist file. *fp* should be a readable and binary file
   object. Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a
   dictionary).

   The *fmt* is the format of the file and the following values are
   valid:

   * "None": Autodetect the file format

   * "FMT_XML": XML file format

   * "FMT_BINARY": Binary plist format

   The *dict_type* is the type used for dictionaries that are read
   from the plist file.

   When *aware_datetime* is true, fields with type "datetime.datetime"
   will be created as aware object, with "tzinfo" as "datetime.UTC".

   XML data for the "FMT_XML" format is parsed using the Expat parser
   from "xml.parsers.expat" – see its documentation for possible
   exceptions on ill-formed XML.  Unknown elements will simply be
   ignored by the plist parser.

   The parser raises "InvalidFileException" when the file cannot be
   parsed.

   Added in version 3.4.

   Changed in version 3.13: The keyword-only parameter
   *aware_datetime* has been added.

plistlib.loads(data, *, fmt=None, dict_type=dict, aware_datetime=False)

   Load a plist from a bytes or string object. See "load()" for an
   explanation of the keyword arguments.

   Added in version 3.4.

   Changed in version 3.13: *data* can be a string when *fmt* equals
   "FMT_XML".

plistlib.dump(value, fp, *, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False, aware_datetime=False)

   Write *value* to a plist file. *fp* should be a writable, binary
   file object.

   The *fmt* argument specifies the format of the plist file and can
   be one of the following values:

   * "FMT_XML": XML formatted plist file

   * "FMT_BINARY": Binary formatted plist file

   When *sort_keys* is true (the default) the keys for dictionaries
   will be written to the plist in sorted order, otherwise they will
   be written in the iteration order of the dictionary.

   When *skipkeys* is false (the default) the function raises
   "TypeError" when a key of a dictionary is not a string, otherwise
   such keys are skipped.

   When *aware_datetime* is true and any field with type
   "datetime.datetime" is set as an aware object, it will convert to
   UTC timezone before writing it.

   A "TypeError" will be raised if the object is of an unsupported
   type or a container that contains objects of unsupported types.

   An "OverflowError" will be raised for integer values that cannot be
   represented in (binary) plist files.

   Added in version 3.4.

   Changed in version 3.13: The keyword-only parameter
   *aware_datetime* has been added.

plistlib.dumps(value, *, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False, aware_datetime=False)

   Return *value* as a plist-formatted bytes object. See the
   documentation for "dump()" for an explanation of the keyword
   arguments of this function.

   Added in version 3.4.

The following classes are available:

class plistlib.UID(data)

   Wraps an "int".  This is used when reading or writing
   NSKeyedArchiver encoded data, which contains UID (see PList
   manual).

   data

      Int value of the UID.  It must be in the range "0 <= data <
      2**64".

   Added in version 3.8.

The following constants are available:

plistlib.FMT_XML

   The XML format for plist files.

   Added in version 3.4.

plistlib.FMT_BINARY

   The binary format for plist files

   Added in version 3.4.

The module defines the following exceptions:

exception plistlib.InvalidFileException

   Raised when a file cannot be parsed.

   Added in version 3.4.


Examples
========

Generating a plist:

   import datetime
   import plistlib

   pl = dict(
       aString = "Doodah",
       aList = ["A", "B", 12, 32.1, [1, 2, 3]],
       aFloat = 0.1,
       anInt = 728,
       aDict = dict(
           anotherString = "<hello & hi there!>",
           aThirdString = "M\xe4ssig, Ma\xdf",
           aTrueValue = True,
           aFalseValue = False,
       ),
       someData = b"<binary gunk>",
       someMoreData = b"<lots of binary gunk>" * 10,
       aDate = datetime.datetime.now()
   )
   print(plistlib.dumps(pl).decode())

Parsing a plist:

   import plistlib

   plist = b"""<plist version="1.0">
   <dict>
       <key>foo</key>
       <string>bar</string>
   </dict>
   </plist>"""
   pl = plistlib.loads(plist)
   print(pl["foo"])
