"symtable" — Access to the compiler’s symbol tables
***************************************************

**Source code:** Lib/symtable.py

======================================================================

Symbol tables are generated by the compiler from AST just before
bytecode is generated.  The symbol table is responsible for
calculating the scope of every identifier in the code.  "symtable"
provides an interface to examine these tables.


Generating Symbol Tables
========================

symtable.symtable(code, filename, compile_type)

   Return the toplevel "SymbolTable" for the Python source *code*.
   *filename* is the name of the file containing the code.
   *compile_type* is like the *mode* argument to "compile()".


Examining Symbol Tables
=======================

class symtable.SymbolTableType

   An enumeration indicating the type of a "SymbolTable" object.

   MODULE = "module"

      Used for the symbol table of a module.

   FUNCTION = "function"

      Used for the symbol table of a function.

   CLASS = "class"

      Used for the symbol table of a class.

   The following members refer to different flavors of annotation
   scopes.

   ANNOTATION = "annotation"

      Used for annotations if "from __future__ import annotations" is
      active.

   TYPE_ALIAS = "type alias"

      Used for the symbol table of "type" constructions.

   TYPE_PARAMETERS = "type parameters"

      Used for the symbol table of generic functions or generic
      classes.

   TYPE_VARIABLE = "type variable"

      Used for the symbol table of the bound, the constraint tuple or
      the default value of a single type variable in the formal sense,
      i.e., a TypeVar, a TypeVarTuple or a ParamSpec object (the
      latter two do not support a bound or a constraint tuple).

   Added in version 3.13.

class symtable.SymbolTable

   A namespace table for a block.  The constructor is not public.

   get_type()

      Return the type of the symbol table.  Possible values are
      members of the "SymbolTableType" enumeration.

      Changed in version 3.12: Added "'annotation'",  "'TypeVar
      bound'", "'type alias'", and "'type parameter'" as possible
      return values.

      Changed in version 3.13: Return values are members of the
      "SymbolTableType" enumeration.The exact values of the returned
      string may change in the future, and thus, it is recommended to
      use "SymbolTableType" members instead of hard-coded strings.

   get_id()

      Return the table’s identifier.

   get_name()

      Return the table’s name.  This is the name of the class if the
      table is for a class, the name of the function if the table is
      for a function, or "'top'" if the table is global ("get_type()"
      returns "'module'"). For type parameter scopes (which are used
      for generic classes, functions, and type aliases), it is the
      name of the underlying class, function, or type alias. For type
      alias scopes, it is the name of the type alias. For "TypeVar"
      bound scopes, it is the name of the "TypeVar".

   get_lineno()

      Return the number of the first line in the block this table
      represents.

   is_optimized()

      Return "True" if the locals in this table can be optimized.

   is_nested()

      Return "True" if the block is a nested class or function.

   has_children()

      Return "True" if the block has nested namespaces within it.
      These can be obtained with "get_children()".

   get_identifiers()

      Return a view object containing the names of symbols in the
      table. See the documentation of view objects.

   lookup(name)

      Lookup *name* in the table and return a "Symbol" instance.

   get_symbols()

      Return a list of "Symbol" instances for names in the table.

   get_children()

      Return a list of the nested symbol tables.

class symtable.Function

   A namespace for a function or method.  This class inherits from
   "SymbolTable".

   get_parameters()

      Return a tuple containing names of parameters to this function.

   get_locals()

      Return a tuple containing names of locals in this function.

   get_globals()

      Return a tuple containing names of globals in this function.

   get_nonlocals()

      Return a tuple containing names of explicitly declared nonlocals
      in this function.

   get_frees()

      Return a tuple containing names of *free (closure) variables* in
      this function.

class symtable.Class

   A namespace of a class.  This class inherits from "SymbolTable".

   get_methods()

      Return a tuple containing the names of method-like functions
      declared in the class.

      Here, the term ‘method’ designates *any* function defined in the
      class body via "def" or "async def".

      Functions defined in a deeper scope (e.g., in an inner class)
      are not picked up by "get_methods()".

      For example:

      >>> import symtable
      >>> st = symtable.symtable('''
      ... def outer(): pass
      ...
      ... class A:
      ...    def f():
      ...        def w(): pass
      ...
      ...    def g(self): pass
      ...
      ...    @classmethod
      ...    async def h(cls): pass
      ...
      ...    global outer
      ...    def outer(self): pass
      ... ''', 'test', 'exec')
      >>> class_A = st.get_children()[1]
      >>> class_A.get_methods()
      ('f', 'g', 'h')

      Although "A().f()" raises "TypeError" at runtime, "A.f" is still
      considered as a method-like function.

class symtable.Symbol

   An entry in a "SymbolTable" corresponding to an identifier in the
   source.  The constructor is not public.

   get_name()

      Return the symbol’s name.

   is_referenced()

      Return "True" if the symbol is used in its block.

   is_imported()

      Return "True" if the symbol is created from an import statement.

   is_parameter()

      Return "True" if the symbol is a parameter.

   is_global()

      Return "True" if the symbol is global.

   is_nonlocal()

      Return "True" if the symbol is nonlocal.

   is_declared_global()

      Return "True" if the symbol is declared global with a global
      statement.

   is_local()

      Return "True" if the symbol is local to its block.

   is_annotated()

      Return "True" if the symbol is annotated.

      Added in version 3.6.

   is_free()

      Return "True" if the symbol is referenced in its block, but not
      assigned to.

   is_assigned()

      Return "True" if the symbol is assigned to in its block.

   is_namespace()

      Return "True" if name binding introduces new namespace.

      If the name is used as the target of a function or class
      statement, this will be true.

      For example:

         >>> table = symtable.symtable("def some_func(): pass", "string", "exec")
         >>> table.lookup("some_func").is_namespace()
         True

      Note that a single name can be bound to multiple objects.  If
      the result is "True", the name may also be bound to other
      objects, like an int or list, that does not introduce a new
      namespace.

   get_namespaces()

      Return a list of namespaces bound to this name.

   get_namespace()

      Return the namespace bound to this name. If more than one or no
      namespace is bound to this name, a "ValueError" is raised.


Command-Line Usage
==================

Added in version 3.13.

The "symtable" module can be executed as a script from the command
line.

   python -m symtable [infile...]

Symbol tables are generated for the specified Python source files and
dumped to stdout. If no input file is specified, the content is read
from stdin.
