Internet Data Handling
**********************

This chapter describes modules which support handling data formats
commonly used on the internet.

* "email" — An email and MIME handling package

  * "email.message": Representing an email message

    * "EmailMessage"

      * "as_string()"

      * "__str__()"

      * "as_bytes()"

      * "__bytes__()"

      * "is_multipart()"

      * "set_unixfrom()"

      * "get_unixfrom()"

      * "__len__()"

      * "__contains__()"

      * "__getitem__()"

      * "__setitem__()"

      * "__delitem__()"

      * "keys()"

      * "values()"

      * "items()"

      * "get()"

      * "get_all()"

      * "add_header()"

      * "replace_header()"

      * "get_content_type()"

      * "get_content_maintype()"

      * "get_content_subtype()"

      * "get_default_type()"

      * "set_default_type()"

      * "set_param()"

      * "del_param()"

      * "get_filename()"

      * "get_boundary()"

      * "set_boundary()"

      * "get_content_charset()"

      * "get_charsets()"

      * "is_attachment()"

      * "get_content_disposition()"

      * "walk()"

      * "get_body()"

      * "iter_attachments()"

      * "iter_parts()"

      * "get_content()"

      * "set_content()"

      * "make_related()"

      * "make_alternative()"

      * "make_mixed()"

      * "add_related()"

      * "add_alternative()"

      * "add_attachment()"

      * "clear()"

      * "clear_content()"

      * "preamble"

      * "epilogue"

      * "defects"

    * "MIMEPart"

  * "email.parser": Parsing email messages

    * FeedParser API

      * "BytesFeedParser"

        * "feed()"

        * "close()"

      * "FeedParser"

    * Parser API

      * "BytesParser"

        * "parse()"

        * "parsebytes()"

      * "BytesHeaderParser"

      * "Parser"

        * "parse()"

        * "parsestr()"

      * "HeaderParser"

      * "message_from_bytes()"

      * "message_from_binary_file()"

      * "message_from_string()"

      * "message_from_file()"

    * Additional notes

  * "email.generator": Generating MIME documents

    * "BytesGenerator"

      * "flatten()"

      * "clone()"

      * "write()"

    * "Generator"

      * "flatten()"

      * "clone()"

      * "write()"

    * "DecodedGenerator"

  * "email.policy": Policy Objects

    * "Policy"

      * "max_line_length"

      * "linesep"

      * "cte_type"

      * "raise_on_defect"

      * "mangle_from_"

      * "message_factory"

      * "verify_generated_headers"

      * "clone()"

      * "handle_defect()"

      * "register_defect()"

      * "header_max_count()"

      * "header_source_parse()"

      * "header_store_parse()"

      * "header_fetch_parse()"

      * "fold()"

      * "fold_binary()"

    * "EmailPolicy"

      * "utf8"

      * "refold_source"

      * "header_factory"

      * "content_manager"

      * "header_max_count()"

      * "header_source_parse()"

      * "header_store_parse()"

      * "header_fetch_parse()"

      * "fold()"

      * "fold_binary()"

    * "default"

    * "SMTP"

    * "SMTPUTF8"

    * "HTTP"

    * "strict"

    * "Compat32"

      * "mangle_from_"

      * "header_source_parse()"

      * "header_store_parse()"

      * "header_fetch_parse()"

      * "fold()"

      * "fold_binary()"

    * "compat32"

  * "email.errors": Exception and Defect classes

    * "MessageError"

    * "MessageParseError"

    * "HeaderParseError"

    * "BoundaryError"

    * "MultipartConversionError"

    * "HeaderWriteError"

    * "MessageDefect"

    * "HeaderDefect"

  * "email.headerregistry": Custom Header Objects

    * "BaseHeader"

      * "name"

      * "defects"

      * "max_count"

      * "fold()"

    * "UnstructuredHeader"

    * "DateHeader"

      * "datetime"

    * "AddressHeader"

      * "groups"

      * "addresses"

    * "SingleAddressHeader"

      * "address"

    * "MIMEVersionHeader"

      * "version"

      * "major"

      * "minor"

    * "ParameterizedMIMEHeader"

      * "params"

    * "ContentTypeHeader"

      * "content_type"

      * "maintype"

      * "subtype"

    * "ContentDispositionHeader"

      * "content_disposition"

    * "ContentTransferEncoding"

      * "cte"

    * "HeaderRegistry"

      * "map_to_type()"

      * "__getitem__()"

      * "__call__()"

    * "Address"

      * "display_name"

      * "username"

      * "domain"

      * "addr_spec"

      * "__str__()"

    * "Group"

      * "display_name"

      * "addresses"

      * "__str__()"

  * "email.contentmanager": Managing MIME Content

    * "ContentManager"

      * "get_content()"

      * "set_content()"

      * "add_get_handler()"

      * "add_set_handler()"

    * Content Manager Instances

      * "raw_data_manager"

        * "get_content()"

        * "set_content()"

  * "email": Examples

  * "email.message.Message": Representing an email message using the
    "compat32" API

    * "Message"

      * "as_string()"

      * "__str__()"

      * "as_bytes()"

      * "__bytes__()"

      * "is_multipart()"

      * "set_unixfrom()"

      * "get_unixfrom()"

      * "attach()"

      * "get_payload()"

      * "set_payload()"

      * "set_charset()"

      * "get_charset()"

      * "__len__()"

      * "__contains__()"

      * "__getitem__()"

      * "__setitem__()"

      * "__delitem__()"

      * "keys()"

      * "values()"

      * "items()"

      * "get()"

      * "get_all()"

      * "add_header()"

      * "replace_header()"

      * "get_content_type()"

      * "get_content_maintype()"

      * "get_content_subtype()"

      * "get_default_type()"

      * "set_default_type()"

      * "get_params()"

      * "get_param()"

      * "set_param()"

      * "del_param()"

      * "set_type()"

      * "get_filename()"

      * "get_boundary()"

      * "set_boundary()"

      * "get_content_charset()"

      * "get_charsets()"

      * "get_content_disposition()"

      * "walk()"

      * "preamble"

      * "epilogue"

      * "defects"

  * "email.mime": Creating email and MIME objects from scratch

    * "MIMEBase"

    * "MIMENonMultipart"

    * "MIMEMultipart"

    * "MIMEApplication"

    * "MIMEAudio"

    * "MIMEImage"

    * "MIMEMessage"

    * "MIMEText"

  * "email.header": Internationalized headers

    * "Header"

      * "append()"

      * "encode()"

      * "__str__()"

      * "__eq__()"

      * "__ne__()"

    * "decode_header()"

    * "make_header()"

  * "email.charset": Representing character sets

    * "Charset"

      * "input_charset"

      * "header_encoding"

      * "body_encoding"

      * "output_charset"

      * "input_codec"

      * "output_codec"

      * "get_body_encoding()"

      * "get_output_charset()"

      * "header_encode()"

      * "header_encode_lines()"

      * "body_encode()"

      * "__str__()"

      * "__eq__()"

      * "__ne__()"

    * "add_charset()"

    * "add_alias()"

    * "add_codec()"

  * "email.encoders": Encoders

    * "encode_quopri()"

    * "encode_base64()"

    * "encode_7or8bit()"

    * "encode_noop()"

  * "email.utils": Miscellaneous utilities

    * "localtime()"

    * "make_msgid()"

    * "quote()"

    * "unquote()"

    * "parseaddr()"

    * "formataddr()"

    * "getaddresses()"

    * "parsedate()"

    * "parsedate_tz()"

    * "parsedate_to_datetime()"

    * "mktime_tz()"

    * "formatdate()"

    * "format_datetime()"

    * "decode_rfc2231()"

    * "encode_rfc2231()"

    * "collapse_rfc2231_value()"

    * "decode_params()"

  * "email.iterators": Iterators

    * "body_line_iterator()"

    * "typed_subpart_iterator()"

    * "_structure()"

* "json" — JSON encoder and decoder

  * Basic Usage

    * "dump()"

    * "dumps()"

    * "load()"

    * "loads()"

  * Encoders and Decoders

    * "JSONDecoder"

      * "decode()"

      * "raw_decode()"

    * "JSONEncoder"

      * "default()"

      * "encode()"

      * "iterencode()"

  * Exceptions

    * "JSONDecodeError"

      * "msg"

      * "doc"

      * "pos"

      * "lineno"

      * "colno"

  * Standard Compliance and Interoperability

    * Character Encodings

    * Infinite and NaN Number Values

    * Repeated Names Within an Object

    * Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values

    * Implementation Limitations

  * Command Line Interface

    * Command line options

* "mailbox" — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats

  * "Mailbox" objects

    * "Mailbox"

      * "add()"

      * "remove()"

      * "__delitem__()"

      * "discard()"

      * "__setitem__()"

      * "iterkeys()"

      * "keys()"

      * "itervalues()"

      * "__iter__()"

      * "values()"

      * "iteritems()"

      * "items()"

      * "get()"

      * "__getitem__()"

      * "get_message()"

      * "get_bytes()"

      * "get_string()"

      * "get_file()"

      * "__contains__()"

      * "__len__()"

      * "clear()"

      * "pop()"

      * "popitem()"

      * "update()"

      * "flush()"

      * "lock()"

      * "unlock()"

      * "close()"

    * "Maildir" objects

      * "Maildir"

        * "colon"

        * "list_folders()"

        * "get_folder()"

        * "add_folder()"

        * "remove_folder()"

        * "clean()"

        * "get_flags()"

        * "set_flags()"

        * "add_flag()"

        * "remove_flag()"

        * "get_info()"

        * "set_info()"

        * "add()"

        * "__setitem__()"

        * "update()"

        * "flush()"

        * "lock()"

        * "unlock()"

        * "close()"

        * "get_file()"

    * "mbox" objects

      * "mbox"

        * "get_file()"

        * "lock()"

        * "unlock()"

    * "MH" objects

      * "MH"

        * "list_folders()"

        * "get_folder()"

        * "add_folder()"

        * "remove_folder()"

        * "get_sequences()"

        * "set_sequences()"

        * "pack()"

        * "remove()"

        * "__delitem__()"

        * "discard()"

        * "lock()"

        * "unlock()"

        * "get_file()"

        * "flush()"

        * "close()"

    * "Babyl" objects

      * "Babyl"

        * "get_labels()"

        * "get_file()"

        * "lock()"

        * "unlock()"

    * "MMDF" objects

      * "MMDF"

        * "get_file()"

        * "lock()"

        * "unlock()"

  * "Message" objects

    * "Message"

    * "MaildirMessage" objects

      * "MaildirMessage"

        * "get_subdir()"

        * "set_subdir()"

        * "get_flags()"

        * "set_flags()"

        * "add_flag()"

        * "remove_flag()"

        * "get_date()"

        * "set_date()"

        * "get_info()"

        * "set_info()"

    * "mboxMessage" objects

      * "mboxMessage"

        * "get_from()"

        * "set_from()"

        * "get_flags()"

        * "set_flags()"

        * "add_flag()"

        * "remove_flag()"

    * "MHMessage" objects

      * "MHMessage"

        * "get_sequences()"

        * "set_sequences()"

        * "add_sequence()"

        * "remove_sequence()"

    * "BabylMessage" objects

      * "BabylMessage"

        * "get_labels()"

        * "set_labels()"

        * "add_label()"

        * "remove_label()"

        * "get_visible()"

        * "set_visible()"

        * "update_visible()"

    * "MMDFMessage" objects

      * "MMDFMessage"

        * "get_from()"

        * "set_from()"

        * "get_flags()"

        * "set_flags()"

        * "add_flag()"

        * "remove_flag()"

  * Exceptions

    * "Error"

    * "NoSuchMailboxError"

    * "NotEmptyError"

    * "ExternalClashError"

    * "FormatError"

  * Examples

* "mimetypes" — Map filenames to MIME types

  * "guess_type()"

  * "guess_file_type()"

  * "guess_all_extensions()"

  * "guess_extension()"

  * "init()"

  * "read_mime_types()"

  * "add_type()"

  * "inited"

  * "knownfiles"

  * "suffix_map"

  * "encodings_map"

  * "types_map"

  * "common_types"

  * MimeTypes Objects

    * "MimeTypes"

      * "suffix_map"

      * "encodings_map"

      * "types_map"

      * "types_map_inv"

      * "guess_extension()"

      * "guess_type()"

      * "guess_file_type()"

      * "guess_all_extensions()"

      * "read()"

      * "readfp()"

      * "read_windows_registry()"

      * "add_type()"

* "base64" — Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings

  * "b64encode()"

  * "b64decode()"

  * "standard_b64encode()"

  * "standard_b64decode()"

  * "urlsafe_b64encode()"

  * "urlsafe_b64decode()"

  * "b32encode()"

  * "b32decode()"

  * "b32hexencode()"

  * "b32hexdecode()"

  * "b16encode()"

  * "b16decode()"

  * "a85encode()"

  * "a85decode()"

  * "b85encode()"

  * "b85decode()"

  * "z85encode()"

  * "z85decode()"

  * "decode()"

  * "decodebytes()"

  * "encode()"

  * "encodebytes()"

  * Security Considerations

* "binascii" — Convert between binary and ASCII

  * "a2b_uu()"

  * "b2a_uu()"

  * "a2b_base64()"

  * "b2a_base64()"

  * "a2b_qp()"

  * "b2a_qp()"

  * "crc_hqx()"

  * "crc32()"

  * "b2a_hex()"

  * "hexlify()"

  * "a2b_hex()"

  * "unhexlify()"

  * "Error"

  * "Incomplete"

* "quopri" — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data

  * "decode()"

  * "encode()"

  * "decodestring()"

  * "encodestring()"
