"importlib.resources" – Package resource reading, opening and access
********************************************************************

**Source code:** Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py

======================================================================

New in version 3.7.

This module leverages Python’s import system to provide access to
*resources* within *packages*.  If you can import a package, you can
access resources within that package.  Resources can be opened or
read, in either binary or text mode.

Resources are roughly akin to files inside directories, though it’s
important to keep in mind that this is just a metaphor.  Resources and
packages **do not** have to exist as physical files and directories on
the file system: for example, a package and its resources can be
imported from a zip file using "zipimport".

Note:

  This module provides functionality similar to pkg_resources Basic
  Resource Access without the performance overhead of that package.
  This makes reading resources included in packages easier, with more
  stable and consistent semantics.The standalone backport of this
  module provides more information on using importlib.resources and
  migrating from pkg_resources to importlib.resources.

"Loaders" that wish to support resource reading should implement a
"get_resource_reader(fullname)" method as specified by
"importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader".

class importlib.resources.Package

   Whenever a function accepts a "Package" argument, you can pass in
   either a "module object" or a module name as a string.  You can
   only pass module objects whose
   "__spec__.submodule_search_locations" is not "None".

   The "Package" type is defined as "Union[str, ModuleType]".

importlib.resources.files(package)

   Returns a "Traversable" object representing the resource container
   for the package (think directory) and its resources (think files).
   A Traversable may contain other containers (think subdirectories).

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.

   New in version 3.9.

importlib.resources.as_file(traversable)

   Given a "Traversable" object representing a file, typically from
   "importlib.resources.files()", return a context manager for use in
   a "with" statement. The context manager provides a "pathlib.Path"
   object.

   Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created
   when the resource was extracted from e.g. a zip file.

   Use "as_file" when the Traversable methods ("read_text", etc) are
   insufficient and an actual file on the file system is required.

   New in version 3.9.


Deprecated functions
====================

An older, deprecated set of functions is still available, but is
scheduled for removal in a future version of Python. The main drawback
of these functions is that they do not support directories: they
assume all resources are located directly within a *package*.

importlib.resources.Resource

   For *resource* arguments of the functions below, you can pass in
   the name of a resource as a string or a "path-like object".

   The "Resource" type is defined as "Union[str, os.PathLike]".

importlib.resources.open_binary(package, resource)

   Open for binary reading the *resource* within *package*.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).  This
   function returns a "typing.BinaryIO" instance, a binary I/O stream
   open for reading.

   Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be
   replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).open('rb')

importlib.resources.open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

   Open for text reading the *resource* within *package*.  By default,
   the resource is opened for reading as UTF-8.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).
   *encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as with built-in
   "open()".

   This function returns a "typing.TextIO" instance, a text I/O stream
   open for reading.

   Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be
   replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).open('r', encoding=encoding)

importlib.resources.read_binary(package, resource)

   Read and return the contents of the *resource* within *package* as
   "bytes".

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).  This
   function returns the contents of the resource as "bytes".

   Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be
   replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).read_bytes()

importlib.resources.read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

   Read and return the contents of *resource* within *package* as a
   "str". By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).
   *encoding* and *errors* have the same meaning as with built-in
   "open()".  This function returns the contents of the resource as
   "str".

   Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be
   replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).read_text(encoding=encoding)

importlib.resources.path(package, resource)

   Return the path to the *resource* as an actual file system path.
   This function returns a context manager for use in a "with"
   statement. The context manager provides a "pathlib.Path" object.

   Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created
   when the resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.  *resource* is the name of the resource to
   open within *package*; it may not contain path separators and it
   may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).

   Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be
   replaced using "as_file()":

      as_file(files(package).joinpath(resource))

importlib.resources.is_resource(package, name)

   Return "True" if there is a resource named *name* in the package,
   otherwise "False". This function does not consider directories to
   be resources. *package* is either a name or a module object which
   conforms to the "Package" requirements.

   Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be
   replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).is_file()

importlib.resources.contents(package)

   Return an iterable over the named items within the package.  The
   iterable returns "str" resources (e.g. files) and non-resources
   (e.g. directories).  The iterable does not recurse into
   subdirectories.

   *package* is either a name or a module object which conforms to the
   "Package" requirements.

   Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be
   replaced by:

      (resource.name for resource in files(package).iterdir() if resource.is_file())
