Allocating Objects on the Heap
******************************

PyObject *_PyObject_New(PyTypeObject *type)
    *Return value: New reference.*

PyVarObject *_PyObject_NewVar(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t size)
    *Return value: New reference.*

PyObject *PyObject_Init(PyObject *op, PyTypeObject *type)
    *Return value: Borrowed reference.** Part of the Stable ABI.*

   Initialize a newly allocated object *op* with its type and initial
   reference.  Returns the initialized object.  If *type* indicates
   that the object participates in the cyclic garbage detector, it is
   added to the detector’s set of observed objects. Other fields of
   the object are not affected.

PyVarObject *PyObject_InitVar(PyVarObject *op, PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t size)
    *Return value: Borrowed reference.** Part of the Stable ABI.*

   This does everything "PyObject_Init()" does, and also initializes
   the length information for a variable-size object.

TYPE *PyObject_New(TYPE, PyTypeObject *type)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type *TYPE* and
   the Python type object *type*.  Fields not defined by the Python
   object header are not initialized. The caller will own the only
   reference to the object (i.e. its reference count will be one). The
   size of the memory allocation is determined from the "tp_basicsize"
   field of the type object.

TYPE *PyObject_NewVar(TYPE, PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t size)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type *TYPE* and
   the Python type object *type*.  Fields not defined by the Python
   object header are not initialized.  The allocated memory allows for
   the *TYPE* structure plus *size* fields of the size given by the
   "tp_itemsize" field of *type*.  This is useful for implementing
   objects like tuples, which are able to determine their size at
   construction time.  Embedding the array of fields into the same
   allocation decreases the number of allocations, improving the
   memory management efficiency.

void PyObject_Del(void *op)

   Releases memory allocated to an object using "PyObject_New()" or
   "PyObject_NewVar()".  This is normally called from the "tp_dealloc"
   handler specified in the object’s type.  The fields of the object
   should not be accessed after this call as the memory is no longer a
   valid Python object.

PyObject _Py_NoneStruct

   Object which is visible in Python as "None".  This should only be
   accessed using the "Py_None" macro, which evaluates to a pointer to
   this object.

See also:

  "PyModule_Create()"
     To allocate and create extension modules.
