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# 27.7. `atexit` — Exit handlers

The `atexit` module defines functions to register and unregister cleanup functions. Functions thus registered are automatically executed upon normal interpreter termination.

Note: the functions registered via this module are not called when the program is killed by a signal, when a Python fatal internal error is detected, or when `os._exit()` is called.

`atexit.``register`(func, *args, **kargs)

  Register func as a function to be executed at termination. Any optional arguments that are to be passed to func must be passed as arguments to `register()`.

  At normal program termination (for instance, if `sys.exit()` is called or the main module’s execution completes), all functions registered are called in last in, first out order. The assumption is that lower level modules will normally be imported before higher level modules and thus must be cleaned up later.

  If an exception is raised during execution of the exit handlers, a traceback is printed (unless `SystemExit` is raised) and the exception information is saved. After all exit handlers have had a chance to run the last exception to be raised is re-raised.

  This function returns func which makes it possible to use it as a decorator without binding the original name to `None`.

`atexit.``unregister`(func)
  Remove a function func from the list of functions to be run at interpreter- shutdown. After calling `unregister()`, func is guaranteed not to be called when the interpreter shuts down.

See also

Module `readline`
  Useful example of `atexit` to read and write `readline` history files.

## 27.7.1. `atexit` Example

The following simple example demonstrates how a module can initialize a counter from a file when it is imported and save the counter’s updated value automatically when the program terminates without relying on the application making an explicit call into this module at termination.

    try:
        _count = int(open("/tmp/counter").read())
    except IOError:
        _count = 0

    def incrcounter(n):
        global _count
        _count = _count + n

    def savecounter():
        open("/tmp/counter", "w").write("%d" % _count)

    import atexit
    atexit.register(savecounter)

Positional and keyword arguments may also be passed to `register()` to be passed along to the registered function when it is called:

    def goodbye(name, adjective):
        print('Goodbye, %s, it was %s to meet you.' % (name, adjective))

    import atexit
    atexit.register(goodbye, 'Donny', 'nice')

    # or:
    atexit.register(goodbye, adjective='nice', name='Donny')

Usage as a decorator:

    import atexit

    @atexit.register
    def goodbye():
        print("You are now leaving the Python sector.")

This obviously only works with functions that don’t take arguments.

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