
``pwd`` --- The password database
*********************************

*Platforms: *Unix

This module provides access to the Unix user account and password
database.  It is available on all Unix versions.

Password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose
attributes correspond to the members of the ``passwd`` structure
(Attribute field below, see ``<pwd.h>``):

+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| Index   | Attribute       | Meaning                       |
+=========+=================+===============================+
| 0       | ``pw_name``     | Login name                    |
+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| 1       | ``pw_passwd``   | Optional encrypted password   |
+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| 2       | ``pw_uid``      | Numerical user ID             |
+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| 3       | ``pw_gid``      | Numerical group ID            |
+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| 4       | ``pw_gecos``    | User name or comment field    |
+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| 5       | ``pw_dir``      | User home directory           |
+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+
| 6       | ``pw_shell``    | User command interpreter      |
+---------+-----------------+-------------------------------+

The uid and gid items are integers, all others are strings.
``KeyError`` is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.

Note: In traditional Unix the field ``pw_passwd`` usually contains a
  password encrypted with a DES derived algorithm (see module
  ``crypt``).  However most modern unices  use a so-called *shadow
  password* system.  On those unices the *pw_passwd* field only
  contains an asterisk (``'*'``) or the  letter ``'x'`` where the
  encrypted password is stored in a file ``/etc/shadow`` which is not
  world readable.  Whether the *pw_passwd* field contains anything
  useful is system-dependent.  If available, the ``spwd`` module
  should be used where access to the encrypted password is required.

It defines the following items:

pwd.getpwuid(uid)

   Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.

pwd.getpwnam(name)

   Return the password database entry for the given user name.

pwd.getpwall()

   Return a list of all available password database entries, in
   arbitrary order.

See also:

   Module ``grp``
      An interface to the group database, similar to this.

   Module ``spwd``
      An interface to the shadow password database, similar to this.
