
``zipfile`` --- Work with ZIP archives
**************************************

New in version 1.6.

The ZIP file format is a common archive and compression standard. This
module provides tools to create, read, write, append, and list a ZIP
file.  Any advanced use of this module will require an understanding
of the format, as defined in PKZIP Application Note.

This module does not currently handle multi-disk ZIP files, or ZIP
files which have appended comments (although it correctly handles
comments added to individual archive members---for which see the
*ZipInfo Objects* documentation). It can handle ZIP files that use the
ZIP64 extensions (that is ZIP files that are more than 4 GByte in
size).  It supports decryption of encrypted files in ZIP archives, but
it currently cannot create an encrypted file.  Decryption is extremely
slow as it is implemented in native python rather than C.

For other archive formats, see the ``bz2``, ``gzip``, and ``tarfile``
modules.

The module defines the following items:

exception zipfile.BadZipfile

   The error raised for bad ZIP files (old name: ``zipfile.error``).

exception zipfile.LargeZipFile

   The error raised when a ZIP file would require ZIP64 functionality
   but that has not been enabled.

class zipfile.ZipFile

   The class for reading and writing ZIP files.  See section *ZipFile
   Objects* for constructor details.

class zipfile.PyZipFile

   Class for creating ZIP archives containing Python libraries.

class zipfile.ZipInfo([filename[, date_time]])

   Class used to represent information about a member of an archive.
   Instances of this class are returned by the ``getinfo()`` and
   ``infolist()`` methods of ``ZipFile`` objects.  Most users of the
   ``zipfile`` module will not need to create these, but only use
   those created by this module. *filename* should be the full name of
   the archive member, and *date_time* should be a tuple containing
   six fields which describe the time of the last modification to the
   file; the fields are described in section *ZipInfo Objects*.

zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)

   Returns ``True`` if *filename* is a valid ZIP file based on its
   magic number, otherwise returns ``False``.  This module does not
   currently handle ZIP files which have appended comments.

zipfile.ZIP_STORED

   The numeric constant for an uncompressed archive member.

zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED

   The numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method.  This
   requires the zlib module.  No other compression methods are
   currently supported.

See also:

   PKZIP Application Note
      Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator
      of the format and algorithms used.

   Info-ZIP Home Page
      Information about the Info-ZIP project's ZIP archive programs
      and development libraries.


ZipFile Objects
===============

class zipfile.ZipFile(file[, mode[, compression[, allowZip64]]])

   Open a ZIP file, where *file* can be either a path to a file (a
   string) or a file-like object.  The *mode* parameter should be
   ``'r'`` to read an existing file, ``'w'`` to truncate and write a
   new file, or ``'a'`` to append to an existing file.  If *mode* is
   ``'a'`` and *file* refers to an existing ZIP file, then additional
   files are added to it.  If *file* does not refer to a ZIP file,
   then a new ZIP archive is appended to the file.  This is meant for
   adding a ZIP archive to another file, such as ``python.exe``.
   Using

      cat myzip.zip >> python.exe

   also works, and at least **WinZip** can read such files. If *mode*
   is ``a`` and the file does not exist at all, it is created.
   *compression* is the ZIP compression method to use when writing the
   archive, and should be ``ZIP_STORED`` or ``ZIP_DEFLATED``;
   unrecognized values will cause ``RuntimeError`` to be raised.  If
   ``ZIP_DEFLATED`` is specified but the ``zlib`` module is not
   available, ``RuntimeError`` is also raised.  The default is
   ``ZIP_STORED``.  If *allowZip64* is ``True`` zipfile will create
   ZIP files that use the ZIP64 extensions when the zipfile is larger
   than 2 GB. If it is  false (the default) ``zipfile`` will raise an
   exception when the ZIP file would require ZIP64 extensions. ZIP64
   extensions are disabled by default because the default **zip** and
   **unzip** commands on Unix (the InfoZIP utilities) don't support
   these extensions.

   Changed in version 2.6: If the file does not exist, it is created
   if the mode is 'a'.

ZipFile.close()

   Close the archive file.  You must call ``close()`` before exiting
   your program or essential records will not be written.

ZipFile.getinfo(name)

   Return a ``ZipInfo`` object with information about the archive
   member *name*.  Calling ``getinfo()`` for a name not currently
   contained in the archive will raise a ``KeyError``.

ZipFile.infolist()

   Return a list containing a ``ZipInfo`` object for each member of
   the archive.  The objects are in the same order as their entries in
   the actual ZIP file on disk if an existing archive was opened.

ZipFile.namelist()

   Return a list of archive members by name.

ZipFile.open(name[, mode[, pwd]])

   Extract a member from the archive as a file-like object
   (ZipExtFile). *name* is the name of the file in the archive, or a
   ``ZipInfo`` object. The *mode* parameter, if included, must be one
   of the following: ``'r'`` (the  default), ``'U'``, or ``'rU'``.
   Choosing ``'U'`` or  ``'rU'`` will enable universal newline support
   in the read-only object. *pwd* is the password used for encrypted
   files. Calling  ``open()`` on a closed ZipFile will raise a
   ``RuntimeError``.

   Note: The file-like object is read-only and provides the following
     methods: ``read()``, ``readline()``, ``readlines()``,
     ``__iter__()``, ``next()``.

   Note: If the ZipFile was created by passing in a file-like object as
     the  first argument to the constructor, then the object returned
     by ``open()`` shares the ZipFile's file pointer.  Under these
     circumstances, the object returned by ``open()`` should not  be
     used after any additional operations are performed on the
     ZipFile object.  If the ZipFile was created by passing in a
     string (the filename) as the first argument to the constructor,
     then  ``open()`` will create a new file object that will be held
     by the ZipExtFile, allowing it to operate independently of the
     ZipFile.

   Note: The ``open()``, ``read()`` and ``extract()`` methods can take a
     filename or a ``ZipInfo`` object.  You will appreciate this when
     trying to read a ZIP file that contains members with duplicate
     names.

   New in version 2.6.

ZipFile.extract(member[, path[, pwd]])

   Extract a member from the archive to the current working directory;
   *member* must be its full name or a ``ZipInfo`` object).  Its file
   information is extracted as accurately as possible.  *path*
   specifies a different directory to extract to.  *member* can be a
   filename or a ``ZipInfo`` object. *pwd* is the password used for
   encrypted files.

   New in version 2.6.

ZipFile.extractall([path[, members[, pwd]]])

   Extract all members from the archive to the current working
   directory.  *path* specifies a different directory to extract to.
   *members* is optional and must be a subset of the list returned by
   ``namelist()``.  *pwd* is the password used for encrypted files.

   New in version 2.6.

ZipFile.printdir()

   Print a table of contents for the archive to ``sys.stdout``.

ZipFile.setpassword(pwd)

   Set *pwd* as default password to extract encrypted files.

   New in version 2.6.

ZipFile.read(name[, pwd])

   Return the bytes of the file *name* in the archive.  *name* is the
   name of the file in the archive, or a ``ZipInfo`` object.  The
   archive must be open for read or append. *pwd* is the password used
   for encrypted  files and, if specified, it will override the
   default password set with ``setpassword()``.  Calling ``read()`` on
   a closed ZipFile  will raise a ``RuntimeError``.

   Changed in version 2.6: *pwd* was added, and *name* can now be a
   ``ZipInfo`` object.

ZipFile.testzip()

   Read all the files in the archive and check their CRC's and file
   headers. Return the name of the first bad file, or else return
   ``None``. Calling ``testzip()`` on a closed ZipFile will raise a
   ``RuntimeError``.

ZipFile.write(filename[, arcname[, compress_type]])

   Write the file named *filename* to the archive, giving it the
   archive name *arcname* (by default, this will be the same as
   *filename*, but without a drive letter and with leading path
   separators removed).  If given, *compress_type* overrides the value
   given for the *compression* parameter to the constructor for the
   new entry.  The archive must be open with mode ``'w'`` or ``'a'``
   -- calling ``write()`` on a ZipFile created with mode ``'r'`` will
   raise a ``RuntimeError``.  Calling  ``write()`` on a closed ZipFile
   will raise a ``RuntimeError``.

   Note: There is no official file name encoding for ZIP files. If you
     have unicode file names, you must convert them to byte strings in
     your desired encoding before passing them to ``write()``. WinZip
     interprets all file names as encoded in CP437, also known as DOS
     Latin.

   Note: Archive names should be relative to the archive root, that is,
     they should not start with a path separator.

   Note: If ``arcname`` (or ``filename``, if ``arcname`` is  not given)
     contains a null byte, the name of the file in the archive will be
     truncated at the null byte.

ZipFile.writestr(zinfo_or_arcname, bytes)

   Write the string *bytes* to the archive; *zinfo_or_arcname* is
   either the file name it will be given in the archive, or a
   ``ZipInfo`` instance.  If it's an instance, at least the filename,
   date, and time must be given.  If it's a name, the date and time is
   set to the current date and time. The archive must be opened with
   mode ``'w'`` or ``'a'`` -- calling  ``writestr()`` on a ZipFile
   created with mode ``'r'``  will raise a ``RuntimeError``.  Calling
   ``writestr()`` on a closed ZipFile will raise a ``RuntimeError``.

   Note: When passing a ``ZipInfo`` instance as the *zinfo_or_acrname*
     parameter, the compression method used will be that specified in
     the *compress_type* member of the given ``ZipInfo`` instance.  By
     default, the ``ZipInfo`` constructor sets this member to
     ``ZIP_STORED``.

The following data attributes are also available:

ZipFile.debug

   The level of debug output to use.  This may be set from ``0`` (the
   default, no output) to ``3`` (the most output).  Debugging
   information is written to ``sys.stdout``.

ZipFile.comment

   The comment text associated with the ZIP file.  If assigning a
   comment to a ``ZipFile`` instance created with mode 'a' or 'w',
   this should be a string no longer than 65535 bytes.  Comments
   longer than this will be truncated in the written archive when
   ``ZipFile.close()`` is called.


PyZipFile Objects
=================

The ``PyZipFile`` constructor takes the same parameters as the
``ZipFile`` constructor.  Instances have one method in addition to
those of ``ZipFile`` objects.

PyZipFile.writepy(pathname[, basename])

   Search for files ``*.py`` and add the corresponding file to the
   archive. The corresponding file is a ``*.pyo`` file if available,
   else a ``*.pyc`` file, compiling if necessary.  If the pathname is
   a file, the filename must end with ``.py``, and just the
   (corresponding ``*.py[co]``) file is added at the top level (no
   path information).  If the pathname is a file that does not end
   with ``.py``, a ``RuntimeError`` will be raised.  If it is a
   directory, and the directory is not a package directory, then all
   the files ``*.py[co]`` are added at the top level.  If the
   directory is a package directory, then all ``*.py[co]`` are added
   under the package name as a file path, and if any subdirectories
   are package directories, all of these are added recursively.
   *basename* is intended for internal use only.  The ``writepy()``
   method makes archives with file names like this:

      string.pyc                                # Top level name
      test/__init__.pyc                         # Package directory
      test/test_support.pyc                          # Module test.test_support
      test/bogus/__init__.pyc                   # Subpackage directory
      test/bogus/myfile.pyc                     # Submodule test.bogus.myfile


ZipInfo Objects
===============

Instances of the ``ZipInfo`` class are returned by the ``getinfo()``
and ``infolist()`` methods of ``ZipFile`` objects.  Each object stores
information about a single member of the ZIP archive.

Instances have the following attributes:

ZipInfo.filename

   Name of the file in the archive.

ZipInfo.date_time

   The time and date of the last modification to the archive member.
   This is a tuple of six values:

   +---------+----------------------------+
   | Index   | Value                      |
   +=========+============================+
   | ``0``   | Year                       |
   +---------+----------------------------+
   | ``1``   | Month (one-based)          |
   +---------+----------------------------+
   | ``2``   | Day of month (one-based)   |
   +---------+----------------------------+
   | ``3``   | Hours (zero-based)         |
   +---------+----------------------------+
   | ``4``   | Minutes (zero-based)       |
   +---------+----------------------------+
   | ``5``   | Seconds (zero-based)       |
   +---------+----------------------------+

ZipInfo.compress_type

   Type of compression for the archive member.

ZipInfo.comment

   Comment for the individual archive member.

ZipInfo.extra

   Expansion field data.  The PKZIP Application Note contains some
   comments on the internal structure of the data contained in this
   string.

ZipInfo.create_system

   System which created ZIP archive.

ZipInfo.create_version

   PKZIP version which created ZIP archive.

ZipInfo.extract_version

   PKZIP version needed to extract archive.

ZipInfo.reserved

   Must be zero.

ZipInfo.flag_bits

   ZIP flag bits.

ZipInfo.volume

   Volume number of file header.

ZipInfo.internal_attr

   Internal attributes.

ZipInfo.external_attr

   External file attributes.

ZipInfo.header_offset

   Byte offset to the file header.

ZipInfo.CRC

   CRC-32 of the uncompressed file.

ZipInfo.compress_size

   Size of the compressed data.

ZipInfo.file_size

   Size of the uncompressed file.
