# 11.8 `fnmatch` -- Unix filename pattern matching

This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the `re` module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:

Pattern | Meaning
--- | ---
`*` | matches everything
`?` | matches any single character
`[seq]` | matches any character in seq
`[!seq]` | matches any character not in seq

Note that the filename separator (`'/'` on Unix) is not special to this module. See module `glob` for pathname expansion (`glob` uses `fnmatch()` to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the `*` and `?` patterns.

`fnmatch`( | filename, pattern)

  Test whether the filename string matches the pattern string, returning true or false. If the operating system is case-insensitive, then both parameters will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before the comparison is performed. If you require a case-sensitive comparison regardless of whether that's standard for your operating system, use `fnmatchcase()` instead.

  This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension `.txt`:

      import fnmatch
      import os

      for file in os.listdir('.'):
          if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, '*.txt'):
              print file

`fnmatchcase`( | filename, pattern)

  Test whether filename matches pattern, returning true or false; the comparison is case-sensitive.

`filter`( | names, pattern)

  Return the subset of the list of names that match pattern. It is the same as `[n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)]`, but implemented more efficiently. New in version 2.2.

`translate`( | pattern)

  Return the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression.

  Example:

      >>> import fnmatch, re
      >>>
      >>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
      >>> regex
      '.*\\.txt$'
      >>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
      >>> print reobj.match('foobar.txt')
      <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>

See Also:

Module `glob`:
  Unix shell-style path expansion.