# 11.9 `linecache` -- Random access to text lines

The `linecache` module allows one to get any line from any file, while attempting to optimize internally, using a cache, the common case where many lines are read from a single file. This is used by the `traceback` module to retrieve source lines for inclusion in the formatted traceback.

The `linecache` module defines the following functions:

`getline`( | filename, lineno[, module_globals])

  Get line lineno from file named filename. This function will never throw an exception -- it will return `''` on errors (the terminating newline character will be included for lines that are found).

  If a file named filename is not found, the function will look for it in the module search path, `sys.path`, after first checking for a PEP 302 `__loader__` in module_globals, in case the module was imported from a zipfile or other non-filesystem import source.

  New in version 2.5: The module_globals parameter was added.

`clearcache`( | )

  Clear the cache. Use this function if you no longer need lines from files previously read using `getline()`.

`checkcache`( | [filename])

  Check the cache for validity. Use this function if files in the cache may have changed on disk, and you require the updated version. If filename is omitted, it will check all the entries in the cache.

Example:

    >>> import linecache
    >>> linecache.getline('/etc/passwd', 4)
    'sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh\n'