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5.4 Data marshalling support

These routines allow C code to work with serialized objects using the same data format as the `marshal` module. There are functions to write data into the serialization format, and additional functions that can be used to read the data back. Files used to store marshalled data must be opened in binary mode.

Numeric values are stored with the least significant byte first.

void `PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile`(long value, FILE *file)
  Marshal a `long` integer, value, to file. This will only write the least-significant 32 bits of value; regardless of the size of the native `long` type.

void `PyMarshal_WriteShortToFile`(short value, FILE *file)
  Marshal a `short` integer, value, to file.

void `PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile`(PyObject *value, FILE *file)
  Marshal a Python object, value, to file. This will only write the least-significant 16 bits of value; regardless of the size of the native `short` type.

PyObject* `PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString`(PyObject *value)
  Return value: New reference.
  Return a string object containing the marshalled representation of value.

The following functions allow marshalled values to be read back in.

XXX What about error detection? It appears that reading past the end of the file will always result in a negative numeric value (where that's relevant), but it's not clear that negative values won't be handled properly when there's no error. What's the right way to tell? Should only non-negative values be written using these routines?

long `PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile`(FILE *file)
  Return a C `long` from the data stream in a `FILE*` opened for reading. Only a 32-bit value can be read in using this function, regardless of the native size of `long`.

int `PyMarshal_ReadShortFromFile`(FILE *file)
  Return a C `short` from the data stream in a `FILE*` opened for reading. Only a 16-bit value can be read in using this function, regardless of the native size of `long`.

PyObject* `PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile`(FILE *file)
  Return value: New reference.
  Return a Python object from the data stream in a `FILE*` opened for reading. On error, sets the appropriate exception (`EOFError` or `TypeError`) and returns `NULL`.

PyObject* `PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile`(FILE *file)
  Return value: New reference.
  Return a Python object from the data stream in a `FILE*` opened for reading. Unlike `PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile()`, this function assumes that no further objects will be read from the file, allowing it to aggressively load file data into memory so that the de-serialization can operate from data in memory rather than reading a byte at a time from the file. Only use these variant if you are certain that you won't be reading anything else from the file. On error, sets the appropriate exception (`EOFError` or `TypeError`) and returns `NULL`.

PyObject* `PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString`(char *string, int len)
  Return value: New reference.
  Return a Python object from the data stream in a character buffer containing len bytes pointed to by string. On error, sets the appropriate exception (`EOFError` or `TypeError`) and returns `NULL`.