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5.2.4 TestCase Objects

Each `TestCase` instance represents a single test, but each concrete subclass may be used to define multiple tests -- the concrete class represents a single test fixture. The fixture is created and cleaned up for each test case.

`TestCase` instances provide three groups of methods: one group used to run the test, another used by the test implementation to check conditions and report failures, and some inquiry methods allowing information about the test itself to be gathered.

Methods in the first group are:

`setUp`()
  Method called to prepare the test fixture. This is called immediately before calling the test method; any exception raised by this method will be considered an error rather than a test failure. The default implementation does nothing.

`tearDown`()
  Method called immediately after the test method has been called and the result recorded. This is called even if the test method raised an exception, so the implementation in subclasses may need to be particularly careful about checking internal state. Any exception raised by this method will be considered an error rather than a test failure. This method will only be called if the `setUp()` succeeds, regardless of the outcome of the test method. The default implementation does nothing.

`run`([result])
  Run the test, collecting the result into the test result object passed as result. If result is omitted or `None`, a temporary result object is created and used, but is not made available to the caller. This is equivalent to simply calling the `TestCase` instance.

`debug`()
  Run the test without collecting the result. This allows exceptions raised by the test to be propogated to the caller, and can be used to support running tests under a debugger.

The test code can use any of the following methods to check for and report failures.

`assert_`(expr[, msg])
`failUnless`(expr[, msg])
  Signal a test failure if expr is false; the explanation for the error will be msg if given, otherwise it will be `None`.

`assertEqual`(first, second[, msg])
`failUnlessEqual`(first, second[, msg])
  Test that first and second are equal. If the values do not compare equal, the test will fail with the explanation given by msg, or `None`. Note that using `failUnlessEqual()` improves upon doing the comparison as the first parameter to `failUnless()`: the default value for msg can be computed to include representations of both first and second.

`assertNotEqual`(first, second[, msg])
`failIfEqual`(first, second[, msg])
  Test that first and second are not equal. If the values do compare equal, the test will fail with the explanation given by msg, or `None`. Note that using `failIfEqual()` improves upon doing the comparison as the first parameter to `failUnless()` is that the default value for msg can be computed to include representations of both first and second.

`assertRaises`(exception, callable, ...)
`failUnlessRaises`(exception, callable, ...)
  Test that an exception is raised when callable is called with any positional or keyword arguments that are also passed to `assertRaises()`. The test passes if exception is raised, is an error if another exception is raised, or fails if no exception is raised. To catch any of a group of exceptions, a tuple containing the exception classes may be passed as exception.

`failIf`(expr[, msg])
  The inverse of the `failUnless()` method is the `failIf()` method. This signals a test failure if expr is true, with msg or `None` for the error message.

`fail`([msg])
  Signals a test failure unconditionally, with msg or `None` for the error message.

`failureException`
  This class attribute gives the exception raised by the `test()` method. If a test framework needs to use a specialized exception, possibly to carry additional information, it must subclass this exception in order to ``play fair'' with the framework. The initial value of this attribute is `AssertionError`.

Testing frameworks can use the following methods to collect information on the test:

`countTestCases`()
  Return the number of tests represented by the this test object. For `TestCase` instances, this will always be `1`, but this method is also implemented by the `TestSuite` class, which can return larger values.

`defaultTestResult`()
  Return the default type of test result object to be used to run this test.

`id`()
  Return a string identifying the specific test case. This is usually the full name of the test method, including the module and class names.

`shortDescription`()
  Returns a one-line description of the test, or `None` if no description has been provided. The default implementation of this method returns the first line of the test method's docstring, if available, or `None`.